N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine

N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine (NAG) is an amide derivative of glucose and acts in the body similarly to d-glucosamine. NAG is found in the hard, protective exoskeleton of shellfish (chitin), from which it is typically sourced. Glucosamine-6-phosphate, made in the body from NAG, is a component of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in the extracellular matrix of skin and joints.

When combined with glucuronic acid it forms hyaluronic acid (HA), which is needed as a support matrix for skin and for hydration. HA content is reported to decline with age, which may contribute to wrinkle formation and the decrease in elasticity of the skin. NAG can reduce melanin production by up-regulating several genes, such as epidermal turnover genes and antioxidant-related genes. These changes are believed to be associated with the reduction of age spots and mottled hyperpigmentation. NAG also regulates activity of enzymes and proteins (in particular the proteins that regulate DNA expression).

It is also a component of other GAGs such as keratin sulphates which are large, highly hydrated molecules found in joints where they act as a shock-absorber to mechanical wear-and-tear and impact forces. Thus, it is important for joint lubrication, osteoarthritis and wound healing. Optimal clinical efficacy is achieved when NAG is combined with other anti-inflammatory ingredients such as MSM.

Although NAG itself is not an allergen, because it is typically extracted from shellfish, people with sensitivity or allergy to shellfish should avoid NAG-based products and seek medical advice before using.

Benefits:

1. Supports joint function.
2. Anti-ageing properties, including protection against hyperpigmentation.
3. Supports elastic matrix of skin.
4. Improves hydration of skin.

Did you know….

NAG is extracted from the hard chitin shell of crustaceans using bacterial enzymes, and is also found in insect armour.