Vitamin A

Vitamin A in the human body refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds referred to as “Retinoids” (including retinol, retinal and retinoic acid). It is also found in plants in the form of the pro-vitamin beta-carotene. It not only plays an important role in keeping your skin healthy and clear, but it also has multiple benefits for the rest of your body, including improving immune function. It is important for healthy eyesight and night vision.

Because it is very potent, Vitamin A levels are tightly regulated in the body, via a complex series of mechanisms involving presence of retinol-esters, enzymes to remove the ester link, use of binding or carrier proteins to transport in the body, conversion from Retinol to Retinoic acid (RA) and subsequent ability of RA to activate gene transcription.

Retinoids are popularly used as anti-ageing ingredients. They exert their benefits by regulating genes in the skin, essentially helping epidermal cells to form an effective water barrier which is protected against dehydration and inflammation. In the dermis, they are important in preventing degradation of collagen in skin as they inhibit the enzymes (the matrix metalloproteinases) that degrade the collagen. Topical retinoids are used by dermatologists to treat acne and hyperpigmentation - but always seek medical advice when considering using them as they are very potent.

Care must be used when using Vitamin A during pregnancy and should always be carried assessed under medical supervision.

Vitamin A is found in cod liver oil, sweet potato, kale, carrots, beef liver, spinach or is taken as a supplement.

Did you know…

A lack of vitamin A can lead to a loss of appetite, hair loss, dry skin and eyes?

Benefits:

1. Retinol is regarded as a very potent anti-ageing ingredient
2. Helps to reduce wrinkles
3. Can help with acne and hyperpigmentation spots
4. Strong antioxidant which promotes tissue repair

EFSA claims

1. Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.
2. Vitamin A contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
3. Vitamin A contributes to normal iron metabolism.
4. Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes.
5. Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision.
6. Vitamin A has a role in the process of cell specialisation.