Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a family of fat-soluble compounds. The body naturally produces vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) when it is exposed to the sun, but we always need a boost every now and then. This is further metabolised in the liver and kidneys to produce the active hormone calcitriol, which has a wide range of regulatory effects on mineral levels, immune cell function, intestinal absorption of minerals, growth and tissue development. Vitamin D differs from other vitamins in that it can also be considered to be a hormone.

Vitamin D is responsible for improving the intestinal uptake and absorption of minerals including zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron and phosphate. It is needed to maintain strong and healthy bones via mechanisms including the regulation of the number and activity of osteoblasts (cells which produce collagen and mineralise the matrix to produce bones). It also affects activity of the Parathyroid hormone and calcium levels, both of which influence bone mineral density.

Vitamin D reduces DNA damage, inflammation, UV photodamage and is also recommended as a key supplement during both pregnancy and childhood.

Vitamin D plays an important role in activating immune cells (white blood cells, including the cells that produce antibodies during an immune response) and thus can protect against microbial pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.

Vitamin D is found in oily fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, as well as in red meat and eggs.

Benefits:

1. Helps to regulate calcium and phosphate in your body to help to keep your bones, teeth and muscles healthy.
2. Contributes to skin cell growth, repair and metabolism.
3. Stimulates immune cells to help protect us from viruses and bacteria

EFSA claims

1. Vitamin D contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
2. Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
3. Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal muscle function.
4. Vitamin D contributes to normal absorption/utilisation of calcium and phosphorus.
5. Vitamin D contributes to normal blood calcium levels.
6. Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal teeth.
7. Vitamin D has a role in the process of cell division.